Pdf abrasive wear of compacted graphite cast iron with. Materials the properties of the materials used for. Gusseisen mit vermiculargraphit especially in nonenglish speaking countries, is a metal which is gaining popularity in applications that require either greater strength, or lower weight than cast iron. Compacted graphite iron cgi, also known as vermicular graphite iron gjv, vg, jv or ggv from the german. Stalbaum, tyler paul, high speed turning of compacted graphite iron cgi using controlled. Astm a84210 standard specification for compacted graphite iron castings. Compacted graphite iron material data sheet sintercast. Schulz 1 institute of production management, technology and machine tools ptw university of technology, darmstadt. His point of view, added to those from rizzo 2001, discloses the enormous. Compacted graphite iron for diesel engine cylinder blocks tupy. Metallurgical process control for compacted graphite irons.
These individual particles are elongated and randomly oriented, in a similar way as in grey iron, despite. Flake shaped graphite, compacted shaped graphite and spheroidal shaped graphite. However, applications of this material were limited due to uncertainties with regard to. In fact, one type of cast iron is an aggressive alter native to these lightweight alloys. The compacted graphite iron graphite particles are formed in a vermicular shape, as shown in figure 1.
Gusseisen mit vermiculargraphit especially in nonenglish speaking countries, is a metal. Compacted graphite iron a material solution for modern. Compacted graphite iron a material solution for modern diesel. Type graphite flakes contained in grey iron castings may range from 50 to. To promote the production and application of ductile iron.
The aspect ratio of compacted graphite particles is typically less than 20, while that of a. Ductile iron compacted graphite iron cgi castings sds sc000042 rev 12 page 1 of 6 20 american foundry society meets the requirements of osha standard 29 cfr 1910. Compacted graphite iron a material solution for modern diesel engine cylinder blocks and heads. Dawson 2001 stated that the iron age is just beginning and we have taken this statement for the present paper. An improved understanding of solidification of compacted graphite iron cgi is necessary to predict shrinkage related casting defects. The properties of gray cast iron, compacted graphite iron and ductile iron are compared on tab. The change of graphite shape from flakelike in gray iron to compacted in cgi and spheroidal in nodular, or ductile, iron is a function of the amount of magnesium modification. Engine cylinder blocks and heads, made of compacted graphite iron, are subjected to prolonged periods of cyclic heating and cooling.
In a recent paper discussing cgi uses for engine cylinder blocks and heads, s. Better strength of cgi, as compared to flake graphite iron fgi, allows cgi engine to perform at. Compacted graphite iron for diesel engine cylinder blocks. Pdf machinability of compacted graphite iron cgi and. Characterization of graphite particle shape in spheroidal. Deep etched scanned images of grades of graphitic cast irons. Influence of fading on characteristics of thermal analysis. It has inadvertently been produced in the past as a result of insufficient magnesium or cerium levels in molten intended. Compacted graphite iron cgi is a form of cast iron which has elongated graphite particles mixed with spherical graphite particles present within the alloy, as opposed to the graphite flakes present in. Effects of titanium addition on microstructure and. This article discusses the chemical composition, castability, mechanical properties at room temperature and elevated temperature, and physical properties of compacted graphite cg cast iron. Microstructure and properties of ductile iron and compacted graphite iron castings.
Compacted graphite iron metals handbook desk edition. In the first part of this work, after the diesel engine. Cgi became commercially available as dependable methods for its production were developed. Cutting developments make application now practical. The mechanical and physical properties of compacted graphite iron cgi have been studied. Wear mechanism when machining compacted graphite iron. In comparison to either grey iron or ductile iron, the entangled compacted graphite clusters interlock themselves into the iron matrix to provide a strong adhesion. Study of the machinability of compacted graphite iron for. The use of a compacted graphite iron cylinder block provides the basis for significant improvements in power and torque relative to the 6. It can be seen that the values of the properties of compacted graphite iron lie between the gray and the.
Compacted graphite iron is also known as cgi and vermicular graphite iron. Sintercast will focus on providing process control technology, knowhow and technical support for the reliable high volume production of compacted graphite iron. While it is known that cgi provides at least 70% higher tensile strength, 35% higher elastic modulus. The mechanical and physical properties of compacted graphite iron. Pdf production and properties of compacted graphite iron cgi. Its graphite occurs as blunt flakes that are interconnected.
In 1949, a now wellknown material called ductile iron was patented. The difference between the three types of graphite is more striking when viewed in the threedimensional deepetch scanning electron micrographs. Shiha a department of mechanical engineering, university. The abrasive wear behavior of traditional compacted graphite cast iron cgi and compacted graphite cast iron with 0.
Compacted graphite iron cgi has been known since the nineties as a highstrength casting material figure 1. The compacted graphite grows with characteristics of flakes in some extent, but also has rounded edges. To promote the production and application of ductile iron castings issue 2, 2006. Standard specification for compacted graphite iron castings. Compacted graphite cast iron cgi is also referred as vermicular graphite. Microstructure formation during solidification and solid. Pdf this research work was carried out to produce compacted graphite iron cgi and to study its mechanical and physical properties.
The shape and volume percent of graphite particles were characterized by an image analyze system. It has inadvertently been produced in the past as a result of insufficient magnesium or. Cast iron is a family of alloys divided into several classes, defined by their graphite morphology and metallic matrix structure. Compacted graphite iron what is compacted graphite iron. Spheroidal graphite is not only found in ductile iron sgi but usually. The relative properties of the three cast irons are summarized in table i. Casting process simulation of compacted graphite iron 03. Foundry production similar to ductile iron, compacted graphite iron is produced by adding magnesium. Compacted graphite iron a material solution for modern diesel engine cylinder blocks and heads he holds a bachelor of engineering metallurgical degree from mcgill university in montreal and master. The compacted graphite form lies between grey iron, where graphite is in flake form, and ductile iron where graphite is in nodular form. Foundry production similar to ductile iron, compacted graphite iron is produced by adding magnesium to a desulfurized base iron.
The full sintercast cgi material property database is available to sintercasts customers and has also been used as the basis of the chapter entitled mechanical properties of compacted graphite iron in. Compacted graphite iron a material solution for modern diesel engine cylinder blocks and heads he holds a bachelor of engineering metallurgical degree from mcgill university in montreal and master of applied science and doctor of philosophy degrees from the university of toronto. Compacted graphite iron cgi also known as the vermicular graphite cast iron is an alloy with attractive features that is used in the automotive industry ref 14 for brake discs and brake. Compacted graphite iron an overview sciencedirect topics. High speed turning of compacted graphite iron cgi using controlled modulation tyler paul stalbaum. This article discusses the graphite morphology, chemical composition, mechanical and physical properties, and applications of compacted graphite cg irons.
High speed turning of compacted graphite iron cgi using. As shown in figure 3, cgi is stable over a range of approximately 0. Compacted graphite iron cgi has an important role in manufacturing of new generation engines. Ductile iron and compacted graphite iron castings msds special notice. Metallurgical process control for compacted graphite irons general introduction compacted vermicular graphite irons cgi have been produced since the inception of spheroidal graphite. Keywords diesel engines, compacted graphite iron, cylinder blocks. The choice of cutting tool can dictate how effective shops are able to. This compacted graphite morphology inhibits crack initiation and growth and is the source of the improved mechanical properties relative to grey iron. Gray iron, compacted graphite iron, and ductile iron are differentiated by the. Cgi has an intermediate graphite morphology between lamellar graphite iron lgi and spheroidal graphite. Proceedings of 68th world foundry congress 94 7 th10 february 2008, chennai, india oriented as in grey iron, however they are shorter and thicker, and have rounded edges. As machining is conceptually a controlled fracture process, this stage comprehensively studies and models the initiation and propagation of fracture in compacted graphite iron. Lets talk about cgi compacted graphite iron page 2.
These conditions may give rise to the decomposition. He holds a bachelor of engineering metallurgical degree. To promote the production and application of ductile iron castings issue 2, 2006 features compacted graphite iron and. This material was developed around the same time as sg iron ductile cast iron back in the 1940s but it is only recently. Technical introduction to metallurgical process control. Compacted graphite iron is increasingly used for diesel and racing engine components. Ductile iron and compacted graphite iron castings msds. This describes a range of cast irons where the graphite forms round ended flakes rather than sharp flakes or spheres. Wear mechanism when machining compacted graphite iron e.
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